Test 13 · ★★★ · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts

Liam reckons the sea is salty cos fish make the salt. right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Liam, salty cos fish · What happens: reckon, be · To what, where: sea

This is test 13 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Liam	Liam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sea	det
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	obj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 make	cop
6	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fish	amod
7	cos	cos	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fish	compound
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 make	nsubj
9	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reckons	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 salt	det
11	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 make	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct
13	right	right	ADV	_	2 reckons	advmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Liam	the sea				right property	vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent sea=Attribute
2	is	present	salty cos fish					make property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, water evaporates and the salt carried in stays behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 evaporates	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 evaporates	punct
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 evaporates	nsubj
4	evaporates	evaporate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 stays	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 salt	det
7	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stays	nsubj
8	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 salt	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	8 carried	compound:prt
10	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 evaporates	conj
11	behind	behind	ADV	_	10 stays	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	evaporate	present	water			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	carry in	participle		the salt not said here		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	stay	present	the salt		behind property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Yes, sailors poured salt in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 poured	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 poured	nsubj
4	poured	pour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poured	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	4 poured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pour	past	sailors	salt					vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient

Option 3

No, the sea is salty because it is cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 salty	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sea	det
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 salty	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 salty	cop
6	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 cold	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 cold	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 cold	cop
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 salty	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the sea					salty property	tree rules
2	is	present	sea					cold property	tree rules

Option 4

Yes, fish give out salt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 give	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 give	nsubj
4	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 give	compound:prt
6	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	present	fish	salt					vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/t13/