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Test 1 · ★★ · Electricity — circuits, switches and safety

Tom builds a circuit with a battery, a bulb and wires, but uses a pencil's wooden body to join two wires. The bulb stays dark. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, bulb · What happens: build, use, join, stay · To what, where: circuit, wooden body, two wires

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 55 «Electricity — circuits, switches and safety» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tom builds a circuit with a battery, a bulb and wires, but uses a pencil's wooden body to join two wires.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 builds	nsubj
2	builds	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 circuit	det
4	circuit	circuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 builds	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 battery	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 battery	det
7	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 builds	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bulb	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bulb	det
10	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 battery	appos
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 wires	cc
12	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bulb	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 uses	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 uses	cc
15	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 builds	conj
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 pencil	det
17	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 body	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 pencil	case
19	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 body	amod
20	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 uses	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 join	mark
22	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 uses	advcl
23	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	24 wires	nummod
24	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 join	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 builds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present	Tom	a circuit				with a battery	vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent circuit=Theme with battery=Source
2	use	present	Tom not said here	a pencil's wooden body					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient
3	join	to-infinitive	Tom not said here	two wires					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wire=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: The bulb stays dark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bulb	det
2	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stays	nsubj
3	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stays	xcomp
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stays	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	the bulb					dark property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 3: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The pencil needs to be sharpened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pencil	det
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 needs	nsubj
3	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	6 sharpened	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 sharpened	aux:pass
6	sharpened	sharpen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 needs	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	the pencil						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	sharpen not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive	the pencil not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Wood is an insulator and blocks the flow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 insulator	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 insulator	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 insulator	det
4	insulator	insulator	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 blocks	cc
6	blocks	block	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 insulator	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 flow	det
8	flow	flow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blocks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Wood	a insulator					tree rules
2	block	present	Wood not said here	the flow					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer flow=Theme

Option 3

The bulb only works with plastic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bulb	det
2	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 works	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 works	advmod
4	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 plastic	case
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 works	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	the bulb					with plastic	vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with plastic=Co-Agent

Option 4

Wood is a conductor but the pencil is too short

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conductor	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 conductor	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 conductor	det
4	conductor	conductor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 short	nsubj
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 pencil	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pencil	det
7	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conductor	conj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 short	cop
9	too	too	ADV	_	10 short	advmod
10	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Wood	a conductor but the pencil					tree rules
2	is	present	a conductor but the pencil					short property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/55-electricity/t1/