Exam question 2 · Energy — where it comes from and how to save it

Identify the principal reason for which coal, oil and natural gas are designated non-renewable.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, designate · To what, where: principal reason, coal

This is exam question 2 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 designated	obl
7	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 designated	nsubj:pass
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 oil	punct
9	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 coal	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 gas	cc
11	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 gas	amod
12	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 coal	conj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 designated	aux:pass
14	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
15	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 designated	xcomp
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	designate	present · passive		coal and oil and natural gas				for the principal reason; non-renewable property	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are wholly incapable of combustion in any furnace

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incapable	cop
3	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	4 incapable	advmod
4	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 combustion	case
6	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 furnace	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 furnace	det
9	furnace	furnace	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	incapable		any furnace		of combustion; wholly property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Their formation requires millions of years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 formation	nmod:poss
2	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	nsubj
3	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 requires	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 years	case
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 millions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Their formation	millions of years					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Precondition

Option 3

They are derived from sunlight directly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 sunlight	case
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		They		sunlight		directly property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from sunlight=Material

Option 4

They are replenished upon each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 replenished	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 replenished	aux:pass
3	replenished	replenish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 day	case
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replenished	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replenish	present · passive		They			day		vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/56-energy/e2/