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Test 9 · ★★★ · Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy

A thermos keeps tea hot for hours. What is the main idea of how it works?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: thermos, main idea, idea · What happens: keep, be, work · To what, where: tea

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A thermos keeps tea hot for hours.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 thermos	det
2	thermos	thermos	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	nsubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	obj
5	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keeps	xcomp
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 hours	case
7	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keeps	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 keeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	a thermos	tea			hour	hot property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tea=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the main idea of how it works?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 idea	det
4	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 idea	amod
5	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	9 works	mark
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 works	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 works	nsubj
9	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 idea	acl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the main idea						tree rules
2	work	present	idea						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

It uses electricity from the tea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 tea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 tea	det
6	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	It	electricity		the tea			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Patient

Option 2

It keeps the cold from flowing in like water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cold	det
4	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 flowing	mark
6	flowing	flow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 keeps	advcl
7	in	in	ADV	_	6 flowing	advmod
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flowing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	It	the cold					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme
2	flow	gerund						like water	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It stops heat flowing out from the hot tea to the colder air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stops	obj
4	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 heat	acl
5	out	out	ADV	_	4 flowing	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 tea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tea	det
8	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tea	amod
9	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 flowing	obl
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 air	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 air	det
12	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 air	amod
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stops	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	It	heat				to the colder air	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality heat=Eventuality
2	flow out	gerund	heat not said here			the hot tea		out property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It makes new heat inside the flask

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 heat	amod
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	inside	inside	ADP	_	7 flask	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 flask	det
7	flask	flask	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	new heat		the flask			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material heat=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/60-reasoning-energy-technology/t9/