Test 8 · Rocks, minerals and fossils
A footprint of a dinosaur is found in stone. What kind of fossil is it?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: footprint · What happens: find, be · To what, where: footprint, stone, kind
This is test 8 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A footprint of a dinosaur is found in stone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 footprint | det |
| 2 | footprint | footprint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 dinosaur | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 dinosaur | det |
| 5 | dinosaur | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 footprint | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | aux:pass |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 stone | case |
| 9 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · passive | a footprint of a dinosaur | stone | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What kind of fossil is it?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 2 kind | det |
| 2 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 fossil | case |
| 4 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 kind | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 kind | cop |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 kind | nsubj |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 kind | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | footprint | what kind | of fossil | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
A part of the animal's body turned to stone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 part | det |
| 2 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 body | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 animal | det |
| 5 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 body | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 animal | case |
| 7 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 part | nmod |
| 8 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 stone | case |
| 10 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 turned | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | a part of the animal's body | stone | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory |
Option 2
A drawing carved by early people
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 drawing | det |
| 2 | drawing | drawing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 drawing | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 people | case |
| 5 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 people | amod |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carved | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carve | participle | a drawing not said here | by early people | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
A trace fossil left by the animal
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 fossil | det |
| 2 | trace | trace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fossil | compound |
| 3 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 fossil | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 animal | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 animal | det |
| 7 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | participle | a trace fossil not said here | by the animal | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by animal=Location |
Option 4
A crystal shaped like a foot by chance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 crystal | det |
| 2 | crystal | crystal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 crystal | acl |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 6 foot | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 foot | det |
| 6 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shaped | obl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 chance | case |
| 8 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shaped | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shape | participle | a crystal not said here | like a foot; by chance | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/t8/