Exam question 2 · Volcanoes and earthquakes up close

Identify the principal reason for which certain eruptions are of an explosive character.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, certain eruptions · What happens: identify, be · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 62 «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	8 eruptions	det
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 eruptions	amod
8	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 character	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 character	cop
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 character	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 character	det
12	explosive	explosive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 character	amod
13	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	parataxis
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	is	present	which certain eruptions					of a explosive character	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The volcano is wholly extinct

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 volcano	det
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 extinct	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 extinct	cop
4	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	5 extinct	advmod
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the volcano					extinct, wholly property	tree rules

Option 2

The lava is exceptionally runny

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lava	det
2	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 runny	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 runny	cop
4	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV	_	5 runny	advmod
5	runny	runny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the lava					exceptionally, runny property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Gas is trapped within sticky magma

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trapped	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	aux:pass
3	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 magma	case
5	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 magma	amod
6	magma	magma	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	present · passive		Gas				within sticky magma	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The magma is heavier than the surrounding rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 magma	det
2	magma	magma	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heavier	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavier	cop
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	8 rock	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rock	det
7	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rock	compound
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heavier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the magma					than the surrounding rock; heavy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/e2/