Test 6 · Soil and what lives in it A child digs a deep hole in a garden. The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock. Why is the top darkest?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: child, soil, rock · What happens: dig, be, lower down · To what, where: deep hole, garden, bottom
This is test 6 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A child digs a deep hole in a garden.
det nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root A DET child NOUN digs VERB a DET deep ADJ hole NOUN in ADP a DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 child det 2 child child NOUN Number=Sing 3 digs nsubj 3 digs dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hole det 5 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hole amod 6 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 3 digs obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 garden case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 garden det 9 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 digs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present a child a deep hole a garden vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme in garden=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock.
det nsubj case det nmod cop punct conj compound:prt nsubj cop parataxis cc conj punct cc case det obl expl conj nsubj punct root The DET soil NOUN at ADP the DET top NOUN is AUX dark ADJ , PUNCT lower VERB down ADP it PRON is AUX paler ADJ and CCONJ stonier ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ at ADP the DET bottom NOUN there PRON is VERB rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soil det 2 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 7 dark nsubj 3 at at ADP _ 5 top case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 soil nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dark cop 7 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 lower punct 9 lower lower VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 dark conj 10 down down ADP _ 9 lower compound:prt 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 paler nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 paler cop 13 paler pale ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 lower parataxis 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 stonier cc 15 stonier stoney ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 paler conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 22 is punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 22 is cc 18 at at ADP _ 20 bottom case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 bottom det 20 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 22 is obl 21 there there PRON PronType=Dem 22 is expl 22 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dark conj 23 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 22 is nsubj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 dark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the soil at the top dark property tree rules 2 lower down infinitive the soil at the top not said here vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 is present soil pale property tree rules 4 be soil not said here tree rules 5 be present rock the bottom; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location
Sentence 3: Why is the top darkest?
advmod cop det amod punct root Why ADV is AUX the DET top ADJ darkest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 5 darkest advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 darkest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 darkest det 4 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 5 darkest amod 5 darkest dark ADJ Degree=Sup root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 darkest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present dark property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer It holds the most humus from rotted plants
nsubj det amod obj case amod obl root It PRON holds VERB the DET most ADJ humus NOUN from ADP rotted VERB plants NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 holds nsubj 2 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 humus det 4 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 5 humus amod 5 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 2 holds obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 plants case 7 rotted rot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 plants amod 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 holds obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present It the most humus rotted plants vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humus=Theme 2 rot participle vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Option 2 The sunlight has burned it dark over the years
det nsubj:pass aux obj xcomp case det obl root The DET sunlight NOUN has AUX burned VERB it PRON dark ADJ over ADP the DET years NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sunlight det 2 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 4 burned nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 burned aux 4 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 burned obj 6 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 4 burned xcomp 7 over over ADP _ 9 years case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 years det 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 burned obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn present · perfect · passive the sunlight year dark property tree rules
Option 3 It is the oldest layer of all, so it is darkest
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct advmod nsubj cop conj root It PRON is AUX the DET oldest ADJ layer NOUN of ADP all DET , PUNCT so ADV it PRON is AUX darkest ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 layer nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 layer cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 layer det 4 oldest old ADJ Degree=Sup 5 layer amod 5 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 all case 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 layer nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 darkest punct 9 so so ADV _ 12 darkest advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 darkest nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 darkest cop 12 darkest dark ADJ Degree=Sup 5 layer conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It the oldest layer of all tree rules 2 is present layer dark property tree rules
Option 4 It is wetter from all the rain that falls on it
nsubj cop case det:predet det obl nsubj acl:relcl case obl root It PRON is AUX wetter ADJ from ADP all DET the DET rain NOUN that PRON falls VERB on ADP it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 wetter nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 wetter cop 3 wetter wet ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 from from ADP _ 7 rain case 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 rain det:predet 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rain det 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 wetter obl 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 falls nsubj 9 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 rain acl:relcl 10 on on ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 falls obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It all rain wet property tree rules 2 fall present all rain rain vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on it=Location
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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