Exam question 1 · Rivers, lakes and the sea up close

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tributary?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: tributary

This is exam question 1 of lesson 64 «Rivers, lakes and the sea up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 tributary	det
10	tributary	tributary	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a tributary				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A smaller river or stream flowing into a larger river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 river	det
2	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 river	amod
3	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 stream	cc
5	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 river	conj
6	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 river	acl
7	into	into	ADP	_	10 river	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 river	det
9	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 river	amod
10	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flowing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	gerund	a smaller river or stream not said here			a larger river			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The flat land covered by a river in flood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 land	det
2	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 land	amod
3	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 land	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 river	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 river	det
7	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 flood	case
9	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	participle		the flat land not said here				by a river; in flood	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in flood=Theme

Option 3

A loop or bend in the lower course of a river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 loop	det
2	loop	loop	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 bend	cc
4	bend	bend	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loop	conj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 course	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 course	det
7	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 course	amod
8	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loop	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 river	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 river	det
11	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 course	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The point at which a river enters the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 point	det
2	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 enters	obl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 river	det
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 enters	nsubj
7	enters	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 point	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 enters	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enter	present	a river	the sea		the point			vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sea=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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