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Exam question 3 · Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands

It is given that ice upon land melts, and that floating sea ice likewise melts. Determine which of the two shall raise the level of the sea.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: land, floating sea ice, you, two · What happens: give, melt, float, determine, raise · To what, where: It, ice, level

This is exam question 3 of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that ice upon land melts, and that floating sea ice likewise melts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 ice	det
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obj
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	8 melts	mark
7	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melts	nsubj
8	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ice	acl:relcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 melts	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 melts	cc
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 melts	mark
12	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 ice	amod
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ice	compound
14	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 melts	nsubj
15	likewise	likewise	ADV	_	16 melts	advmod
16	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient ice=Theme
2	melt	present	land	that ice not said here					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result
3	float	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	melt	present	floating sea ice					likewise property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine which of the two shall raise the level of the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 raise	obj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 two	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 two	det
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 raise	nsubj
6	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 raise	aux
7	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Determine	ccomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 level	det
9	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 raise	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 sea	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sea	det
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 level	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here						vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	raise	shall	the two	the level of the sea					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent which=Theme level=Destination

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither shall raise it in any degree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	3 raise	advmod
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 raise	aux
3	raise	raise	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 raise	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 degree	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 degree	det
7	degree	degree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raise	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	shall		it		any degree		neither property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in degree=Destination

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The melting of ice upon land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 melting	det
2	melting	melting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 ice	case
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 melting	nmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 land	case
6	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 melting	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt			ice				upon land	nom melting «process transitive»: of=patient upon=obl

Option 3

Both shall raise it equally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 raise	nsubj
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 raise	aux
3	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 raise	obj
5	equally	equally	ADV	_	3 raise	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	shall	Both	it				equally property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

The melting of floating sea ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 melting	det
2	melting	melting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 ice	case
4	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 ice	amod
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ice	compound
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 melting	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	melt			floating sea ice					nom melting «process transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/e3/