Test 7 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail

Why does a cut-open hailstone look like an onion?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: open hailstone · What happens: look

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 look	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 look	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hailstone	det
4	cut	cut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 open	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 cut	punct
6	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hailstone	amod
7	hailstone	hailstone	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 look	nsubj
8	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 onion	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 onion	det
11	onion	onion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 look	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present · do-support	a open hailstone					like a onion	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It grew roots like a plant in the cloud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grew	obj
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 plant	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 plant	det
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 roots	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 cloud	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cloud	det
9	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	It	roots		the cloud		like a plant	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location root=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It went up and down in the storm many times, adding a layer each time

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 went	nsubj
2	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADV	_	2 went	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 down	cc
5	down	down	ADV	_	3 up	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 storm	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 storm	det
8	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 went	obl
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 times	amod
10	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 went	obl:unmarked
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 adding	punct
12	adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 went	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 layer	det
14	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 adding	obj
15	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	16 time	det
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 adding	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go up	past	It				time	in the storm	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in storm=Attribute
2	add speech: assert	gerund		a layer			time		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient

Option 3

It was made by many hailstones packed together on the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 hailstones	case
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hailstones	amod
6	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl
7	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hailstones	acl
8	together	together	ADV	_	7 packed	advmod
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 ground	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ground	det
11	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 packed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	many hailstones	It					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product
2	pack	participle		many hailstones not said here		the ground		together property	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on ground=Destination

Option 4

It was dyed by different colours of rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dyed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dyed	aux:pass
3	dyed	dye	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 colours	case
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 colours	amod
6	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dyed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 rain	case
8	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dye	past · passive	different colours of rain	It					vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t7/