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Test 9 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail

Snow falls high up, but it reaches the ground as rain. What does this tell you?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Snow, this · What happens: fall, reach, tell · To what, where: ground, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Snow falls high up, but it reaches the ground as rain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 up	advmod
4	up	up	ADV	_	2 falls	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 reaches	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 reaches	cc
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 reaches	nsubj
8	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reaches	obj
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 rain	case
12	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reaches	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 falls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Snow						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	reach	present	Snow	the ground				as rain	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ground=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this tell you?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	this		you				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1

The cloud was too low to snow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cloud	det
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 low	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 low	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 low	advmod
5	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 snow	mark
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 low	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the cloud					low property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The ground was much colder than the cloud above it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ground	det
2	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 colder	advmod
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 cloud	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cloud	det
8	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	obl
9	above	above	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 cloud	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the ground					than the cloud above cloud; cold property	tree rules

Option 3

The snow was never made of ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 snow	det
2	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 made	advmod
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 ice	case
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	past · passive		the snow				of ice	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The air near the ground was warmer than freezing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 warmer	nsubj
3	near	near	ADP	_	5 ground	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ground	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 air	nmod
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 warmer	cop
7	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 freezing	case
9	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 warmer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the air near the ground					than freezing; warm property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t9/