Test 12 · ★ · Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes

Leo says lightning never strikes the same spot twice. true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, lightning · What happens: say, not strike · To what, where: same spot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 68 «Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 strikes	nsubj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 strikes	advmod
5	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 spot	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 spot	amod
8	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 strikes	obj
9	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	5 strikes	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 true	punct
11	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not strike	present	lightning	the same spot				twice property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, lightning only ever strikes the ground once a year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 lightning	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 strikes	nsubj
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 strikes	advmod
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 strikes	advmod
6	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ground	det
8	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 strikes	obj
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 strikes	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 year	det
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 once	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present	lightning	the ground			ever	once property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Patient

Option 2

Yes, but only if the place was a tall tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 place	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 place	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 place	advmod
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 place	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 place	det
7	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tree	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 tree	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tree	det
10	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tree	amod
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the place	a tall tree					tree rules

Option 3

Yes, once struck, a place is safe for good

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 struck	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 struck	advmod
4	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 safe	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 place	det
7	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 safe	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 safe	cop
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 struck	conj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 good	case
11	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 safe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	participle						once property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	a place					for good; safe property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, it can strike the same place many times, mostly tall things

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 strike	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 strike	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 strike	aux
5	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 place	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 place	amod
8	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 strike	obj
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 times	amod
10	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 strike	obl:unmarked
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 things	punct
12	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	14 things	advmod
13	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 things	amod
14	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 strike	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	can	it	the same place			time	tall things obl	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/68-storms-and-wild-winds/t12/