Test 2 · ★ · Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes

A hurricane crosses a warm sea and then a cold one. What is likely to happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hurricane · What happens: cross, be, happen · To what, where: warm sea

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 68 «Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A hurricane crosses a warm sea and then a cold one.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hurricane	det
2	hurricane	hurricane	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crosses	nsubj
3	crosses	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sea	det
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sea	amod
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crosses	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 one	cc
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 one	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 one	det
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 one	amod
11	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sea	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crosses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	present	a hurricane	a warm sea and a cold one					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is likely to happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 likely	cop
3	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 happen	mark
5	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 likely	xcomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	happen	to-infinitive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It grows faster over the cold sea because cold air sinks down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grows	nsubj
2	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 grows	advmod
4	over	over	ADP	_	7 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sea	amod
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grows	obl
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 sinks	mark
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 air	amod
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sinks	nsubj
11	sinks	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grows	advcl
12	down	down	ADV	_	11 sinks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	It			the cold sea		fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Location
2	sink down	present	cold air					down property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It grows over the warm sea and weakens over the cold sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grows	nsubj
2	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADP	_	6 sea	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sea	amod
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grows	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 weakens	cc
8	weakens	weaken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grows	conj
9	over	over	ADP	_	12 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sea	det
11	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sea	amod
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 weakens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	It			the warm sea			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Location
2	weaken	present				the cold sea			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It stays exactly the same everywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stays	nsubj
2	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 same	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 same	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stays	xcomp
6	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	2 stays	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	It					everywhere, same property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It turns into a tornado over the cold sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turns	nsubj
2	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 tornado	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tornado	det
5	tornado	tornado	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl
6	over	over	ADP	_	9 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sea	amod
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	It			a tornado		over the cold sea	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into tornado=Source over sea=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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