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Test 8 · ★★ · Rockets, satellites and astronauts

A ball thrown sideways from a very high tower lands far away. If it could be thrown fast enough, with no air in the way, what would happen?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ball, way · What happens: throw, land, happen · To what, where: ball, high tower, way

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 71 «Rockets, satellites and astronauts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A ball thrown sideways from a very high tower lands far away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lands	nsubj
3	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ball	acl
4	sideways	sideways	ADV	_	3 thrown	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	9 tower	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tower	det
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 high	advmod
8	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tower	amod
9	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thrown	obl
10	lands	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 away	advmod
12	away	away	ADV	_	10 lands	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 lands	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	participle		a ball not said here		a high tower		sideways property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from tower=Initial_Location
2	land	present	a ball					away property	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: If it could be thrown fast enough, with no air in the way, what would happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	5 thrown	mark
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 thrown	nsubj:pass
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 thrown	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 thrown	aux:pass
5	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 thrown	advmod
7	enough	enough	ADV	_	5 thrown	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 air	punct
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 air	case
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thrown	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 way	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 way	det
14	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thrown	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 happen	punct
16	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 happen	nsubj
17	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 happen	aux
18	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 way	acl:relcl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 thrown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	could · passive		ball		the way		with no air; enough, fast property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in way=Destination
2	happen	would	the way						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

It would stop in mid-air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stop	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	aux
3	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 mid-air	case
5	mid-air	mid-air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	would	It			mid-air			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mid-air=Location

Option 2

It would land right at the foot of the tower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 land	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 land	aux
3	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	right	right	ADV	_	3 land	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 foot	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 foot	det
7	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 land	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 tower	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 tower	det
10	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 foot	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	would	It			the foot of the tower		right property	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It would fly straight up into space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fly	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fly	aux
3	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 up	advmod
5	up	up	ADV	_	3 fly	advmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 space	case
7	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	would	It					into space result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into space=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It would fall all the way around the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fall	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fall	aux
3	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 way	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fall	obl
7	around	around	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	would	It	all way		the Earth			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around earth=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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