Exam question 4 · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the cuckoo.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, cuckoo

This is exam question 4 of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 cuckoo	det
13	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the cuckoo		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cuckoo=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It lays its eggs in other birds' nests to be raised by them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lays	nsubj
2	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 eggs	nmod:poss
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lays	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	9 nests	case
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 birds	amod
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 nests	nmod:poss
8	'	's	PART	_	7 birds	case
9	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lays	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	12 raised	mark
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 raised	aux:pass
12	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 lays	advcl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 them	case
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 raised	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	It	its eggs		other birds's nests			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in nest=Destination
2	raise	to-infinitive · passive	nests = nest						vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It carries its eggs in a pouch until they hatch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carries	nsubj
2	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 eggs	nmod:poss
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carries	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 pouch	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pouch	det
7	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carries	obl
8	until	until	SCONJ	_	10 hatch	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 hatch	nsubj
10	hatch	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 carries	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	It	its eggs		a pouch			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Value in pouch=Location
2	hatch	present	eggs = egg						vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It builds nests of mud beneath the eaves of houses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 builds	nsubj
2	builds	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 builds	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 mud	case
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nests	nmod
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	8 eaves	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 eaves	det
8	eaves	eave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 builds	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 houses	case
10	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 eaves	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present	It	nests of mud				beneath the eaves of houses	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material nest=Product

Option 4

It buries its eggs in warm sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 buries	nsubj
2	buries	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 eggs	nmod:poss
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 buries	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sand	case
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sand	amod
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buries	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	present	It	its eggs		warm sand			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in sand=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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