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Test 1 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

A duck dives under the water and comes up with dry feathers underneath. Why?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: duck · What happens: dive, come up · To what, where: water

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A duck dives under the water and comes up with dry feathers underneath.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 duck	det
2	duck	duck	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dives	nsubj
3	dives	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 water	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dives	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 comes	cc
8	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dives	conj
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 comes	compound:prt
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 feathers	case
11	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 feathers	amod
12	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 comes	obl
13	underneath	underneath	ADV	_	8 comes	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dive	present	a duck			the water			vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under water=Location
2	come up	present	a duck not said here					with dry feathers; underneath property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Ducks dive too briefly to get wet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dive	nsubj
2	dive	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 briefly	advmod
4	briefly	briefly	ADV	_	2 dive	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 get	mark
6	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 dive	advcl
7	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 get	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dive	present	Ducks					briefly property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	get	to-infinitive	Ducks not said here					wet property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The water is too cold to wet feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cold	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cold	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 cold	advmod
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 feathers	case
7	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 feathers	amod
8	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the water					to wet feathers; cold property	tree rules

Option 3

Ducks have no feathers at all under their wings and belly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 feathers	det
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 feathers	nmod
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 wings	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 wings	nmod:poss
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 belly	cc
11	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wings	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Ducks	no feathers		all		under Ducks's wings and belly	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its feathers are oiled and waterproof from preening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 feathers	nmod:poss
2	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 oiled	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 oiled	aux:pass
4	oiled	oil	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 waterproof	cc
6	waterproof	waterproof	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 oiled	conj
7	from	from	SCONJ	_	8 preening	mark
8	preening	preen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 waterproof	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oil	present · passive		Its feathers					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination
2	preen	gerund							vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/t1/