Test 11 · ★ · Fish, frogs and reptiles

how do sharks float with no swim bladder thingy

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: sharks · What happens: float

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 float	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 float	aux
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 float	nsubj
4	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	9 thingy	case
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 thingy	det
7	swim	swim	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bladder	compound
8	bladder	bladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 thingy	compound
9	thingy	thingy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present · do-support	sharks					with no bladder thingy	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They hold their breath at the surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hold	nsubj
2	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 breath	nmod:poss
4	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 surface	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 surface	det
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	They	their breath		the surface			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent breath=Theme at surface=Location

Option 2

They fill their bones with air like birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fill	nsubj
2	fill	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bones	nmod:poss
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fill	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 air	case
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fill	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 birds	case
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fill	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present	They	their bones				with air; like birds	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bone=Patient with air=Instrument

Option 3

They sleep on the sea floor and never float

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 floor	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 floor	det
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 floor	compound
6	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 float	cc
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 float	advmod
9	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 sleep	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They			the sea floor			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not float	infinitive	They not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They keep swimming, and their skeleton is light bendy cartilage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keep	xcomp
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cartilage	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 cartilage	cc
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 skeleton	nmod:poss
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cartilage	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cartilage	cop
9	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cartilage	amod
10	bendy	bendy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cartilage	amod
11	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	keep	present	They		tree rules
2	swim	gerund	They not said here		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	their skeleton	light bendy cartilage	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/t11/