Test 7 · ★ · Fish, frogs and reptiles

Which is true about a shark?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 shark	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 shark	det
6	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about a shark; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a reptile with fins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 reptile	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reptile	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 reptile	det
4	reptile	reptile	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 fins	case
6	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reptile	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a reptile				with fins	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is a fish whose skeleton is cartilage, not bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fish	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	6 skeleton	nmod:poss
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cartilage	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 cartilage	cop
8	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fish	parataxis
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 bone	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 bone	advmod
11	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fish	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a fish and bone					tree rules
2	is a	present	cartilage's skeleton	cartilage					tree rules

Option 3

It has no skeleton at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 skeleton	det
4	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 skeleton	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no skeleton		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient

Option 4

It is a mammal that breathes air, like a whale or a dolphin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mammal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mammal	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 mammal	det
4	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 breathes	nsubj
6	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mammal	acl:relcl
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breathes	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 whale	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 whale	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 whale	det
11	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mammal	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 dolphin	cc
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 dolphin	det
14	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 whale	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a mammal				like a whale or a dolphin	tree rules
2	breathe	present	a mammal	air					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/t7/