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Test 9 · ★ · Fish, frogs and reptiles

A turtle lays its eggs on a dry beach, but a frog lays its eggs in a pond. What is the main reason?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: turtle, frog, main reason · What happens: lay, be · To what, where: eggs, dry beach, pond

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A turtle lays its eggs on a dry beach, but a frog lays its eggs in a pond.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 turtle	det
2	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	nsubj
3	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 eggs	nmod:poss
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lays	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 beach	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 beach	det
8	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 beach	amod
9	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 lays	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 lays	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 frog	det
13	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lays	nsubj
14	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lays	conj
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 eggs	nmod:poss
16	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 lays	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 pond	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 pond	det
19	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lays	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lays	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a turtle	turtle's eggs		a dry beach			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on beach=Destination
2	lay	present	a frog	turtle's eggs		a pond			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pond=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the main reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the main reason						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Pond water is too warm for turtle eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	compound
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 warm	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 warm	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 warm	advmod
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 eggs	case
7	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 eggs	compound
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 warm	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Pond water					for turtle eggs; warm property	tree rules

Option 2

The turtle wants its eggs to be cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 turtle	det
2	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wants	nsubj
3	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 eggs	nmod:poss
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wants	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	8 cold	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 cold	cop
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wants	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	the turtle	turtle's eggs					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot egg=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive	the turtle not said here					cold property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The turtle's eggs have a tough shell that keeps water in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 turtle	det
2	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eggs	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 turtle	case
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shell	det
7	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 shell	amod
8	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 keeps	nsubj
10	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 shell	acl:relcl
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 keeps	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	10 keeps	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the turtle's eggs	a tough shell					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient
2	keep in	present	a tough shell	water					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

Option 4

Frogs cannot walk onto beaches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 walk	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 walk	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 walk	advmod
4	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	onto	onto	ADP	_	6 beaches	case
6	beaches	beach	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 walk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not walk	can	Frogs			beaches			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto beach=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/t9/