Exam question 4 · Mammals and how they care for their young

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the acquisition of skills by young mammals.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, acquire · To what, where: response, acquisition, skills

This is exam question 4 of lesson 75 «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 acquisition	det
13	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 skills	case
15	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 acquisition	nmod
16	by	by	ADP	_	18 mammals	case
17	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 mammals	amod
18	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 concerning	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the acquisition of skills	by young mammals	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus acquisition=Experiencer
5	acquire			skills		nom acquisition «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

All are possessed at birth without any learning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 birth	case
5	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl
6	without	without	ADP	_	8 learning	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 learning	det
8	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive		All		birth		without any learning	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many are learned by watching and copying their parents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 learned	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 learned	aux:pass
3	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 watching	mark
5	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 learned	advcl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 copying	cc
7	copying	copy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 watching	conj
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 parents	nmod:poss
9	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 copying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	learn	present · passive	Many	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	watch	gerund		vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
3	copy	gerund	their parents	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Theme

Option 3

They are acquired only after the parents depart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 acquired	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 acquired	aux:pass
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	3 acquired	advmod
5	after	after	SCONJ	_	8 depart	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 parents	det
7	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 depart	nsubj
8	depart	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 acquired	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		They					vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme
2	depart	present	the parents						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They are learned solely from other species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 learned	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 learned	aux:pass
3	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 learned	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 species	case
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 species	amod
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present · passive		They		other species		solely property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Topic from species=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/e4/