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Test 8 · Mammals and how they care for their young

A young elephant that has lost its mother joins another herd. Who is most likely to look after it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: young elephant · What happens: lose, join, be, look · To what, where: young elephant, herd

This is test 8 of lesson 75 «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A young elephant that has lost its mother joins another herd.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 elephant	det
2	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 elephant	amod
3	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 joins	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 lost	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lost	aux
6	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 elephant	acl:relcl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mother	nmod:poss
8	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lost	obj
9	joins	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	11 herd	det
11	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 joins	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 joins	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect · passive		a young elephant					tree rules
2	join	present	a young elephant	another herd					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Who is most likely to look after it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	cop
3	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 likely	advmod
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 look	mark
6	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 likely	xcomp
7	after	after	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 look	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	look	to-infinitive					after elephant		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The older females of the new herd

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 females	det
2	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 females	amod
3	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 herd	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 herd	det
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 herd	amod
7	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 females	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The young males of the herd

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 males	det
2	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 males	amod
3	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 herd	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 herd	det
6	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 males	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Nobody, elephants never help others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 elephants	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nobody	punct
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 help	nsubj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 help	advmod
5	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 help	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not help	present	Nobody elephants	others					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary

Option 4

A lion that finds it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lion	det
2	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 finds	nsubj
4	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lion	acl:relcl
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 finds	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	a lion	lion					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/t8/