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Test 7 · ★ · Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things

A pupil says mushrooms are plants because they grow from the ground. What is the mistake?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: pupil, mushrooms, mistake · What happens: say, be, grow · To what, where: plants · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 77 «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pupil says mushrooms are plants because they grow from the ground.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 plants	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 plants	cop
6	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	ccomp
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 grow	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 grow	nsubj
9	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	advcl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 ground	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ground	det
12	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 grow	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a pupil						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	mushrooms	plants					tree rules
3	grow	present	mushrooms = mushroom					from the ground	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ground=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the mistake?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mistake	det
4	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the mistake						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Mushrooms are really animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 animals	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 animals	cop
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 animals	advmod
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Mushrooms	animals					tree rules

Option 2

Mushrooms do not grow from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grow	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 grow	advmod
4	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not grow	present · do-support	Mushrooms					from the ground	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ground=Patient

Option 3

Plants never grow from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 grow	advmod
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 ground	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not grow	present	Plants					from the ground	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ground=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Fungi cannot make their own food like plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 make	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 make	advmod
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 plants	case
9	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	can	Fungi	Fungi's own food				like plants	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/t7/