Test 9 · ★ · Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things
Milk left out for days turns sour. What caused it?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Milk · What happens: leave out, turn, cause · To what, where: Milk
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 77 «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Milk left out for days turns sour.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 turns | nsubj |
| 2 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Milk | acl |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 left | compound:prt |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 days | case |
| 5 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 left | obl |
| 6 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | sour | sour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 turns | xcomp |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 turns | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave out | participle | Milk not said here | day | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | turn | present | Milk | sour property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What caused it?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 caused | nsubj |
| 2 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 caused | obj |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 caused | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | Milk | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient |
The options
Option 1
Light changing its colour
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Light | acl |
| 3 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 colour | nmod:poss |
| 4 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 changing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | gerund | Light not said here | Light's colour | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Bacteria growing in the milk
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Bacteria | acl |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 milk | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 milk | det |
| 5 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 growing | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | gerund | Bacteria not said here | the milk | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in milk=Location |
Option 3
The cup making it sour
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cup | det |
| 2 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 making | nsubj |
| 3 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 making | obj |
| 5 | sour | sour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 making | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | gerund | the cup | it | sour property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product |
Option 4
The milk turning into water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 milk | det |
| 2 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 milk | acl |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 water | case |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turning | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | gerund | the milk not said here | water | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/t9/