Test 3 · ★ · Dinosaurs and life long ago

Why are fossils much more common from animals that lived near lakes and seas?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: fossils, animals · What happens: be, live · To what, where: lakes

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 78 «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 common	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 common	cop
3	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 common	nsubj
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 more	advmod
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 common	advmod
6	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 animals	case
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 common	obl
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 lived	nsubj
10	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 animals	acl:relcl
11	near	near	ADP	_	12 lakes	case
12	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lived	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 seas	cc
14	seas	sea	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 lakes	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 common	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	fossils					from animals; common property	tree rules
2	live	past	animals			lakes and seas			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near lake=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Land animals had no bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 animals	compound
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 bones	det
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Land animals	no bones					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They were buried quickly in mud and sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 buried	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 buried	aux:pass
3	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	3 buried	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 mud	case
6	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buried	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sand	cc
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mud	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	past · passive		They		mud and sand		quickly property	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination

Option 3

Fish lived longer than land animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lived	nsubj
2	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 lived	advmod
4	than	than	ADP	_	6 animals	case
5	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animals	compound
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	Fish					than land animals; long property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Water turns bones into stone at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	nsubj
2	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turns	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 stone	case
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 once	case
7	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Water	bones		stone			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent bone=Theme into stone=Source at once=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/t3/