Exam question 2 · Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell

Identify the means by which bats locate insects in the dark.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, bats · What happens: identify, mean, locate · To what, where: insects, dark · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 79 «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 locate	obl
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 locate	nsubj
7	locate	locate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
8	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 locate	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 dark	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dark	det
11	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 locate	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	locate	present	bats	insects	the dark	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

By smelling the insects from afar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 smelling	mark
2	smelling	smell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 insects	det
4	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 smelling	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 afar	case
6	afar	afar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smelling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	gerund		the insects		afar			vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer insect=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By making high sounds and listening to the echoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 making	mark
2	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sounds	amod
4	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 making	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 listening	cc
6	listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 making	conj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 echoes	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 echoes	det
9	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 listening	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		high sounds					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
2	listen	gerund						to the echoes	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme

Option 3

By seeing in total darkness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 seeing	mark
2	seeing	see	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 darkness	case
4	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 darkness	amod
5	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 seeing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	gerund				total darkness			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

By detecting the warmth of the insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 detecting	mark
2	detecting	detect	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 warmth	det
4	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 detecting	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 insects	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 insects	det
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warmth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	detect	gerund		the warmth of the insects					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer warmth=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/79-senses-of-animals/e2/