Exam question 1 · Mirrors, shadows and colours

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reflection of light by a mirror?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: reflection

This is exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 reflection	det
10	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 light	case
12	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reflection	nmod
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 mirror	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 mirror	det
15	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the reflection of light				of the following statements; by a mirror; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Light is split into the colours of the rainbow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 split	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 split	aux:pass
3	split	split	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 colours	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 colours	det
6	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 split	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 rainbow	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rainbow	det
9	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	split	present · passive		Light				into the colours of the rainbow result	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into colour=Result

Option 2

Light is reflected straight back whatever its angle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflected	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reflected	aux:pass
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 back	advmod
5	back	back	ADV	_	3 reflected	advmod
6	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 back	obj
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 angle	nmod:poss
8	angle	angle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflected	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present · passive		Light					tree rules

Option 3

Light is absorbed and none is reflected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorbed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 absorbed	aux:pass
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 reflected	cc
5	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	7 reflected	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 reflected	aux:pass
7	reflected	reflect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 absorbed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present · passive		Light					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	reflect	present · passive		none					tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Light is reflected at the same angle at which it arrives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflected	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reflected	aux:pass
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 angle	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 angle	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 angle	amod
7	angle	angle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflected	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 arrives	obl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 arrives	nsubj
11	arrives	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 angle	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present · passive		Light		the same angle			tree rules
2	arrive	present	Light			the same angle			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/e1/