Exam question 3 · Mirrors, shadows and colours
It is given that the Sun stands behind an observer and rain falls before him. Ascertain the phenomenon which may thereby be observed.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sun, rain, you · What happens: give, stand, fall, ascertain, observe · To what, where: It, observer, phenomenon
This is exam question 3 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the Sun stands behind an observer and rain falls before him.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 stands | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Sun | det |
| 6 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 stands | nsubj |
| 7 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 8 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 10 observer | case |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 observer | det |
| 10 | observer | observer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stands | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 falls | cc |
| 12 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 falls | nsubj |
| 13 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 stands | conj |
| 14 | before | before | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 falls | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stand | present | the Sun | a observer | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind observer=Location | ||||
| 3 | fall | present | rain | before Sun | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before he=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the phenomenon which may thereby be observed.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 phenomenon | det |
| 3 | phenomenon | phenomenon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 observed | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 observed | aux |
| 6 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 8 observed | advmod |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 observed | aux:pass |
| 8 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 phenomenon | acl:relcl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the phenomenon | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phenomenon=Topic | ||||
| 2 | observe | may · passive | the phenomenon | thereby property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
A mirage
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 mirage | det |
| 2 | mirage | mirage | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
A shooting star
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 star | det |
| 2 | shooting | shooting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 star | compound |
| 3 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
A rainbow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 rainbow | det |
| 2 | rainbow | rainbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
An eclipse
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 eclipse | det |
| 2 | eclipse | eclipse | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/e3/