Test 12 · ★ · Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels

Leo says a moving thing just stops by itself if nothing pushes it. true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, moving thing, nothing · What happens: say, move, stop, push · To what, where: thing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
4	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 thing	amod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stops	nsubj
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 stops	advmod
7	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 itself	case
9	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 stops	obl
10	if	if	SCONJ	_	12 pushes	mark
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 pushes	nsubj
12	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 stops	advcl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 pushes	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 true	punct
15	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 pushes	xcomp
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	move	gerund				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	stop	present	a moving thing		by thing	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	push a condition, not said to happen	present	nothing	thing	true property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, all moving things slow down on their own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 slow	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 things	det
4	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 slow	nsubj
6	slow	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 slow	compound:prt
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 own	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 own	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 slow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	slow down	present	all moving things			things's own			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Yes, but only heavy things stop by themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 stop	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 stop	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 stop	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 heavy	advmod
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 things	amod
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 stop	nsubj
7	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 themselves	case
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 stop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	heavy things					by things = thing	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

No, a moving thing never stops at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 stops	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
4	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 thing	amod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stops	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 stops	advmod
7	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 stops	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	not stop	present	a moving thing			all			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, it keeps moving until a force such as friction stops it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 keeps	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 keeps	nsubj
4	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 keeps	xcomp
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	12 stops	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 force	det
8	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stops	nsubj
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 friction	case
10	as	as	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
11	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 force	nmod
12	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 keeps	advcl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 stops	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	keep	present	it		tree rules
2	move	gerund			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	stop	present	a force such friction	friction	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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