Exam question 3 · Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes
It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape. Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, addition · What happens: give, push out, determine, render · To what, where: It, square frame, shape, addition
This is exam question 3 of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 pushed | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 frame | det |
| 6 | square | square | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 frame | amod |
| 7 | frame | frame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pushed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 pushed | aux:pass |
| 9 | readily | readily | ADV | _ | 10 pushed | advmod |
| 10 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 shape | case |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 shape | case |
| 13 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pushed | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | push out | present · passive | a square frame | shape | readily property | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme shape=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 addition | det |
| 3 | addition | addition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Determine | obj |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 rendered | obl |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 rendered | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 rendered | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 rendered | aux:pass |
| 9 | rendered | render | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 addition | acl:relcl |
| 10 | rigid | rigid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 rendered | xcomp |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | the addition | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent addition=Topic | ||||
| 2 | render | may · passive | the addition | addition | rigid property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
The options
Option 1
A heavier weight placed upon its top
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 weight | det |
| 2 | heavier | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 weight | amod |
| 3 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 weight | acl |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 top | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 top | nmod:poss |
| 7 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 placed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | participle | a heavier weight not said here | weight's top | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent upon top=Destination |
Option 2
A second square frame placed beside it and joined to it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 frame | det |
| 2 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 frame | amod |
| 3 | square | square | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frame | compound |
| 4 | frame | frame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 joined | nsubj |
| 5 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 frame | acl |
| 6 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 7 it | case |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 placed | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 placed | cc |
| 9 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 joined | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | participle | a second square frame not said here | frame | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beside it=Destination | ||||
| 2 | join | past | a second square frame | it | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to it=Co-Patient |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A diagonal strut dividing it into two triangles
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 strut | det |
| 2 | diagonal | diagonal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 strut | amod |
| 3 | strut | strut | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | dividing | divide | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 strut | acl |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 dividing | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 triangles | case |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 triangles | nummod |
| 8 | triangles | triangle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dividing | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | divide | gerund | a diagonal strut not said here | strut | two triangles | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
Option 4
A coat of paint upon each side
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 coat | det |
| 2 | coat | coat | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 paint | case |
| 4 | paint | paint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 coat | nmod |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 side | case |
| 6 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 side | det |
| 7 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 coat | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/86-building-strong-things/e3/