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Test 1 · ★★★ · Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence

Lily tests two paper planes, but one is bigger and she throws it harder. Why is this not a fair test?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Lily, one, this · What happens: test, be, throw, not be · To what, where: two paper planes, it, fair test

This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 91 «Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Lily tests two paper planes, but one is bigger and she throws it harder.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lily	Lily	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 tests	nsubj
2	tests	test	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 planes	nummod
4	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 planes	compound
5	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tests	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bigger	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 bigger	cc
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 bigger	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bigger	cop
10	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 tests	parataxis
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 throws	cc
12	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 throws	nsubj
13	throws	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bigger	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 throws	obj
15	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 throws	xcomp
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tests	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	test	present	Lily	two paper planes					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Theme
2	is	present	one					big property	tree rules
3	throw	present	Lily	it				hard property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is this not a fair test?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 test	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 test	cop
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 test	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 test	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 test	det
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 test	amod
7	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 test	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	this	a fair test					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Paper planes cannot be tested

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 planes	compound
2	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tested	nsubj:pass
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 tested	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 tested	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 tested	aux:pass
6	tested	test	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not test	can · passive		Paper planes					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

She should have used three planes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	aux
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 planes	nummod
6	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	should · perfect	She	three planes					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Two things were changed, so she cannot tell which one mattered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 things	nummod
2	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 changed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 changed	aux:pass
4	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 tell	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 tell	advmod
7	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 tell	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 tell	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 tell	advmod
10	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 changed	parataxis
11	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	12 one	det
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mattered	nsubj
13	mattered	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 tell	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past · passive		Two things					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	not tell speech: assert	can	she						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	matter	past	which one						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

She threw them on the same day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	nsubj
2	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 day	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 day	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 day	amod
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	past	She	them = they			day		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/91-being-a-scientist/t1/