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Test 9 · The human life cycle and growing up

Grandpa says his bones break more easily than when he was young. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Grandpa, bones · What happens: say, break, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 92 «The human life cycle and growing up» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandpa says his bones break more easily than when he was young.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bones	nmod:poss
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 break	nsubj
5	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 easily	advmod
7	easily	easily	ADV	_	5 break	advmod
8	than	than	SCONJ	_	12 young	mark
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 young	advmod
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 young	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 young	cop
12	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 easily	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandpa						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	break	present	Grandpa's bones					easily property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	is	past	Grandpa					young property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bones can become weaker in old age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 become	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 become	aux
3	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 become	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 age	case
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 age	amod
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weaker	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	can	Bones					weak property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Old bones are made of different stuff

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bones	amod
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 stuff	case
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stuff	amod
7	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Old bones				of different stuff	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 3

Bones get harder and stronger with age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 get	nsubj
2	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 get	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 stronger	cc
5	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 harder	conj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 age	case
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 get	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	Bones				with age	hard property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

His bones have grown too long

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bones	nmod:poss
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	aux
4	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 long	advmod
6	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 grown	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present · perfect	His bones					long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/92-human-life-cycle/t9/