Exam question 3 · Medicines, doctors and hospitals

Ascertain the principal reason for which bones are visible in an X-ray picture.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, bones · What happens: ascertain, be · To what, where: principal reason, ray picture

This is exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Medicines, doctors and hospitals» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 visible	obl
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 visible	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 visible	cop
9	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	15 picture	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 picture	det
12	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ray	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 X	punct
14	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 picture	compound
15	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 visible	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	is	present	bones			a ray picture		for the principal reason; visible property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Bones give off their own light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 give	nsubj
2	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 give	compound:prt
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 light	nmod:poss
5	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 light	amod
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give off	present	Bones	Bones's own light					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme
2	light		Bones = bone						nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

X-rays pass through bones but not through soft parts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rays	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 X	punct
3	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pass	nsubj
4	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	6 bones	case
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pass	obl
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 parts	cc
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 parts	advmod
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 parts	case
10	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 parts	amod
11	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bones	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	X rays			bones but soft parts			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through bone=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

X-rays pass through soft parts but not through bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rays	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 X	punct
3	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pass	nsubj
4	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 parts	case
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 parts	amod
7	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pass	obl
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 bones	cc
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 bones	advmod
10	through	through	ADP	_	11 bones	case
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 parts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	X rays			soft parts but bones			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through part=Location

Option 4

X-rays colour the bones white

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rays	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 X	punct
3	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 colour	nsubj
4	colour	colour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bones	det
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 colour	obj
7	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 colour	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	colour	present	X rays	the bones				white property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/94-medicines-doctors-hospitals/e3/