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Test 7 · ★ · Laws, voting and how a country is run

In a trial, the judge listens only to one side and refuses to hear the other. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: judge · What happens: listen, refuse, not hear, be · To what, where: other

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 96 «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a trial, the judge listens only to one side and refuses to hear the other.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 trial	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 trial	det
3	trial	trial	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 listens	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 trial	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 judge	det
6	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 listens	nsubj
7	listens	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	only	only	ADV	_	11 side	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 side	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 side	nummod
11	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 listens	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 refuses	cc
13	refuses	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 listens	conj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 hear	mark
15	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 refuses	xcomp
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 other	det
17	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 hear	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 listens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	listen	present	the judge					to one side; in a trial	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in trial=Theme
2	refuse	present	the judge not said here						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	not hear	to-infinitive	the judge not said here	the other					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer other=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Judges must always side with the police

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 side	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 side	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 side	advmod
4	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 police	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 police	det
7	police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 side	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Judges must listen fairly to both sides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 listen	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 listen	aux
3	listen	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	fairly	fairly	ADV	_	3 listen	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 sides	case
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	7 sides	det
7	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 listen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	listen	must	Judges					to both sides; fairly property	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to side=Theme

Option 3

Nothing; judges may choose whom to hear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 choose	punct
3	judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 choose	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 choose	aux
5	choose	choose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Nothing	acl:relcl
6	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 hear	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 hear	mark
8	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 choose	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	may	judges						tree rules
2	hear	to-infinitive	judges not said here						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus

Option 4

Trials must be decided by the president

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trials	trial	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 decided	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 decided	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 decided	aux:pass
4	decided	decide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 president	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 president	det
7	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	must · passive	the president	Trials					vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/96-laws-voting-government/t7/