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Test 1 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes

A farmer must send 20 tonnes of grain to another continent and is in no hurry. Which transport is best?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: farmer, transport · What happens: send, be · To what, where: 20 tonnes, continent, hurry

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A farmer must send 20 tonnes of grain to another continent and is in no hurry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 farmer	det
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 send	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 send	aux
4	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 tonnes	nummod
6	tonnes	tonne	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 send	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 grain	case
8	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tonnes	nmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 continent	case
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	11 continent	det
11	continent	continent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 send	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 hurry	cc
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 hurry	cop
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 hurry	case
15	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 hurry	det
16	hurry	hurry	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 continent	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 send	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	must	a farmer	20 tonnes of grain		another continent and no hurry			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tonne=Theme to continent=Destination
2	is	present	a farmer not said here			no hurry			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which transport is best?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 transport	det
2	transport	transport	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 best	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 best	cop
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 best	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which transport					good property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A horse and cart across the ocean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 cart	cc
4	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 horse	conj
5	across	across	ADP	_	7 ocean	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ocean	det
7	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 horse	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A bicycle with a large basket

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bicycle	det
2	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 basket	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 basket	det
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 basket	amod
6	basket	basket	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bicycle	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A ship, because it is cheap for heavy loads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ship	det
2	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 cheap	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 cheap	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 cheap	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cheap	cop
7	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ship	acl:relcl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 loads	case
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 loads	amod
10	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cheap	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	ship	a ship not said here				for heavy loads; cheap property	tree rules

Option 4

A plane, because it is always the cheapest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 plane	det
2	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cheapest	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 plane	punct
4	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 plane	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cheapest	cop
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 cheapest	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cheapest	det
9	cheapest	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a plane because it					always, cheap property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t1/