Where money comes from, sentence 14
Income tax is money taken from earnings for the government; people who earn more pay more, but "half of it goes to the taxman" is usually an exaggeration.
Who acts: Income tax, people, half · What happens: be, take, earn, pay, go · To what, where: money, earnings, more, taxman, exaggeration · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where money comes from» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Income tax, people, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Income | income | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 tax | compound |
| 2 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 money | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 money | cop |
| 4 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 money | acl |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 earnings | case |
| 7 | earnings | earning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 taken | obl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 government | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 government | det |
| 10 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 earnings | nmod |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 pay | punct |
| 12 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pay | nsubj |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 earn | nsubj |
| 14 | earn | earn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 people | acl:relcl |
| 15 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 earn | obj |
| 16 | pay | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 money | parataxis |
| 17 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 pay | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 exaggeration | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 exaggeration | cc |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 goes | punct |
| 21 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 24 goes | nsubj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 it | case |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 half | nmod |
| 24 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 exaggeration | csubj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 taxman | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 taxman | det |
| 27 | taxman | taxman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 goes | obl |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 goes | punct |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 exaggeration | cop |
| 30 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 32 exaggeration | advmod |
| 31 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 exaggeration | det |
| 32 | exaggeration | exaggeration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 money | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 money | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Income tax | money but a exaggeration | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | participle | money but a exaggeration not said here | earnings for the government | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from earning=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | earn | present | people | more | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme | ||||
| 4 | pay | present | people | more | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Asset | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | present | half of money | the taxman | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to taxman=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | Income tax not said here | a exaggeration | usually property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:adult-life:005-where-money-comes-from.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/5-where-money-comes-from/14/