Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★, sentence 4

Logic helps too: someone who always tells the truth can never say "I am a liar", and neither can someone who always lies, so if you hear it, the speaker is neither.

Who acts: Logic, someone, you, speaker · What happens: help, tell, not say, be, lie, hear · To what, where: truth, liar · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★» of the ai course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Logic, someone, you, speaker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Logic	logic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	too	too	ADV	_	2 helps	advmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 someone	punct
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	13 say	nsubj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 tells	nsubj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 tells	advmod
8	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 someone	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 truth	det
10	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tells	obj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 say	aux
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 say	advmod
13	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	ccomp
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 liar	punct
15	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 liar	nsubj
16	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 liar	cop
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 liar	det
18	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 say	ccomp
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 liar	punct
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 can	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 can	cc
22	neither	neither	ADV	_	23 can	advmod
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 say	conj
24	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	23 can	nsubj
25	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 lies	nsubj
26	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	27 lies	advmod
27	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 someone	acl:relcl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 neither	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	38 neither	advmod
30	if	if	SCONJ	_	32 hear	mark
31	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	32 hear	nsubj
32	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 neither	advcl
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 hear	obj
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 hear	punct
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 speaker	det
36	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 neither	nsubj
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 neither	cop
38	neither	neither	ADV	_	2 helps	parataxis
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 helps	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	help	present	Logic			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	tell speech: assert	present		the truth	always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
3	not say speech: assert	can	someone			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is a in a quote	present	someone	a liar		tree rules
5	lie	present			always property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	hear a condition, not said to happen	present	you	truth		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
7	is	present	the speaker		neither property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:ai:032-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/4/