Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more, sentence 11
Circular breathing means breathing in through the nose while pushing out air stored in the cheeks, so the sound never stops.
Who acts: Circular breathing, sound · What happens: mean, breathe in, push out, store, not stop · To what, where: nose, air, cheeks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Circular breathing, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Circular | circular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 breathing | amod |
| 2 | breathing | breathing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 means | nsubj |
| 3 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | breathing | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 means | ccomp |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 breathing | compound:prt |
| 6 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 nose | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 nose | det |
| 8 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 breathing | obl |
| 9 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 10 pushing | mark |
| 10 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 breathing | advcl |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 pushing | compound:prt |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pushing | obj |
| 13 | stored | store | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 air | acl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 cheeks | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 cheeks | det |
| 16 | cheeks | cheek | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 stored | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stops | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 stops | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sound | det |
| 20 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stops | nsubj |
| 21 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 22 stops | advmod |
| 22 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 means | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Circular breathing | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | breathe in | gerund | the nose | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | push out | gerund | air | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | |||||
| 4 | store | participle | air not said here | the cheeks | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cheek=Location | ||||
| 5 | not stop | present | the sound | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:arts:010-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/11/