Photography and phone cameras, sentence 8
Before digital cameras, photos were taken on film that had to be developed with chemicals in a dark room, and a roll often had only 24 or 36 pictures, so people took fewer, more careful shots, which many photographers say teaches you a lot.
Who acts: film, roll, people, many photographers · What happens: take, have, develop, say, teach · To what, where: photos, film, dark room, 24 pictures, fewer careful shots, lot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Photography and phone cameras» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (film, roll, people, many photographers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 3 cameras | case |
| 2 | digital | digital | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cameras | amod |
| 3 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 taken | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cameras | punct |
| 5 | photos | photo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 taken | nsubj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taken | aux:pass |
| 7 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 film | case |
| 9 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 taken | obl |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 film | acl:relcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 developed | mark |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 developed | aux:pass |
| 14 | developed | develop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 had | xcomp |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 chemicals | case |
| 16 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 developed | obl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 room | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 room | det |
| 19 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 room | amod |
| 20 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 developed | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 had | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 roll | det |
| 24 | roll | roll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 had | nsubj |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 had | advmod |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taken | conj |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 24 | advmod |
| 28 | 24 | 24 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 pictures | nummod |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 36 | cc |
| 30 | 36 | 36 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 24 | conj |
| 31 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 had | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 took | punct |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 took | advmod |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 took | nsubj |
| 35 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 had | advcl |
| 36 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 shots | amod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 fewer | punct |
| 38 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 39 careful | advmod |
| 39 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 shots | amod |
| 40 | shots | shot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 took | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 say | punct |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 say | obj |
| 43 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 photographers | amod |
| 44 | photographers | photographer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 say | nsubj |
| 45 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 shots | acl:relcl |
| 46 | teaches | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 say | ccomp |
| 47 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 teaches | iobj |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 lot | det |
| 49 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 teaches | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · passive | photos | film | before digital cameras | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before camera=Destination | |||
| 2 | have | past | film | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | develop | to-infinitive · passive | film not said here | a dark room | with chemicals | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: in room=Location | |||
| 4 | have | past | a roll | 24 pictures | often property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Patient | |||
| 5 | take | past | people | fewer careful shots | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shot=Theme | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | present | many photographers | fewer careful shots | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | teach speech: other | present | a lot | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient lot=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:arts:020-photography-and-phone-cameras.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/8/