What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 12
Red foxes now live in many towns, where they find food, shelter and few predators (animals that hunt them), eating scraps, worms and rats, and in some British cities there are more foxes per square kilometre than in the countryside.
Who acts: Red foxes, foxes, animals, more foxes · What happens: live, find, hunt, eat, be · To what, where: many towns, food, foxes, scraps, British cities
This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Red foxes, foxes, animals, more foxes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 foxes | amod |
| 2 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 3 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 live | advmod |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 towns | case |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 towns | amod |
| 7 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 find | punct |
| 9 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 11 find | advmod |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 find | nsubj |
| 11 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 towns | acl:relcl |
| 12 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 find | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 shelter | punct |
| 14 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 food | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 predators | cc |
| 16 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 predators | amod |
| 17 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 food | conj |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 animals | punct |
| 19 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 predators | appos |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 hunt | nsubj |
| 21 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 animals | acl:relcl |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 hunt | obj |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 animals | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 eating | punct |
| 25 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 live | advcl |
| 26 | scraps | scrap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 eating | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 worms | punct |
| 28 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 scraps | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 rats | cc |
| 30 | rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 scraps | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 are | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 countryside | cc |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 cities | case |
| 34 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 cities | det |
| 35 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 cities | amod |
| 36 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 are | obl |
| 37 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 38 are | expl |
| 38 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | conj |
| 39 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 foxes | amod |
| 40 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 are | nsubj |
| 41 | per | per | ADP | _ | 43 kilometre | case |
| 42 | square | square | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 kilometre | compound |
| 43 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 foxes | nmod |
| 44 | than | than | ADP | _ | 47 countryside | mark |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 countryside | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 countryside | det |
| 47 | countryside | countryside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 more | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Red foxes | many towns | now | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location | |||
| 2 | find | present | foxes = fox | food and shelter and few predators | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | ||||
| 3 | hunt | present | animals | foxes = fox | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 4 | eat | gerund | Red foxes not said here | scraps and worms and rats | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scrap=Patient | ||||
| 5 | does | present | more foxes per square kilometre | some British cities; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/12/