Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 1
The quickest way to tell them apart is to count and look: a sea lion has small ear flaps and can turn its back flippers forward, a true seal has only ear holes and cannot.
Who acts: quickest way, sea lion, true seal · What happens: tell, be, look, have, turn · To what, where: rocks, small ear flaps, back flippers, ear holes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (quickest way, sea lion, true seal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 way | det |
| 2 | quickest | quick | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 way | amod |
| 3 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 count | nsubj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 tell | mark |
| 5 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 way | acl |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 tell | obj |
| 7 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 5 tell | advmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 count | cop |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 count | mark |
| 10 | count | count | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 look | cc |
| 12 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 count | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 has | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 lion | det |
| 15 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lion | compound |
| 16 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 has | nsubj |
| 17 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 look | parataxis |
| 18 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 flaps | amod |
| 19 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 flaps | compound |
| 20 | flaps | flap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 has | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 turn | cc |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 turn | aux |
| 23 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 has | conj |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 flippers | nmod:poss |
| 25 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 flippers | compound |
| 26 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 turn | obj |
| 27 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 23 turn | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 has | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 seal | det |
| 30 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 seal | amod |
| 31 | seal | seal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 has | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 count | parataxis |
| 33 | only | only | ADV | _ | 35 holes | advmod |
| 34 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 holes | compound |
| 35 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 has | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 can | cc |
| 37 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 has | conj |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 can | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 count | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | the quickest way not said here | rocks = rock | apart property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | |||
| 2 | is | present | the quickest way | count property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look | infinitive | the quickest way not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | have | present | a sea lion | small ear flaps | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flap=Patient | ||||
| 5 | turn | can | a sea lion not said here | lion's back flippers | forward property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flipper=Theme | |||
| 6 | have | present | a true seal | ear holes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/1/