Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 13

Sea otters eat sea urchins that eat kelp; when otters were hunted almost to extinction for fur, urchins spread and kelp forests vanished in places.

Who acts: Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, kelp forests · What happens: eat, hunt, spread, vanish · To what, where: sea urchins, kelp, otters, places

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, kelp forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 otters	compound
2	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 urchins	compound
5	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 eat	nsubj
7	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 urchins	acl:relcl
8	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 eat	obj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 eat	punct
10	when	when	SCONJ	_	13 hunted	mark
11	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hunted	nsubj:pass
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 hunted	aux:pass
13	hunted	hunt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 spread	advcl
14	almost	almost	ADV	_	16 extinction	advmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 extinction	case
16	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hunted	obl
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 fur	case
18	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hunted	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 urchins	punct
20	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 spread	nsubj
21	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	parataxis
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 vanished	cc
23	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 forests	compound
24	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 vanished	nsubj
25	vanished	vanish	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 spread	conj
26	in	in	ADP	_	27 places	case
27	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 vanished	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Sea otters	sea urchins			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient
2	eat	present	sea urchins	kelp			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Patient
3	hunt	past · passive		otters		to extinction; for fur	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for fur=Theme
4	spread	past	urchins				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	vanish	past	kelp forests		places		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/13/