Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 16
Otters keep in touch with squeaks, chirps and whistles, and they came back to many British rivers after harmful farm chemicals, which had poisoned otters and the fish they ate, were banned.
Who acts: Otters, harmful farm chemicals · What happens: keep, come back, poison, eat, ban · To what, where: touch, many British rivers, otters, fish
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otters, harmful farm chemicals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 touch | case |
| 4 | touch | touch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 keep | obl |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 squeaks | case |
| 6 | squeaks | squeak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 touch | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 chirps | punct |
| 8 | chirps | chirp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 squeaks | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 whistles | cc |
| 10 | whistles | whistle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 squeaks | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 came | cc |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 came | nsubj |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 keep | conj |
| 15 | back | back | ADV | _ | 14 came | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 rivers | case |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 rivers | amod |
| 18 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 rivers | amod |
| 19 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 came | obl |
| 20 | after | after | ADP | _ | 23 chemicals | case |
| 21 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 chemicals | amod |
| 22 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 chemicals | compound |
| 23 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rivers | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 poisoned | punct |
| 25 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 poisoned | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 poisoned | aux |
| 27 | poisoned | poison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 chemicals | acl:relcl |
| 28 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 poisoned | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 fish | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 fish | det |
| 31 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 otters | conj |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 ate | nsubj |
| 33 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 fish | acl:relcl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 fish | punct |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 banned | aux:pass |
| 36 | banned | ban | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 poisoned | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Otters | touch with squeaks and chirps and whistles | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in touch=Location | ||||
| 2 | come back | past | otters = otter | many British rivers after harmful farm chemicals | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | poison | past · perfect | harmful farm chemicals | otters and the fish | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent otter=Patient | ||||
| 4 | eat | past | otters = otter | the fish not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 5 | ban | past · passive | harmful farm chemicals not said here | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/16/