Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 3

Sea otters float on their backs, crack shells on stones and hold paws while they sleep, and by eating sea urchins they keep whole kelp forests alive.

Who acts: Sea otters, otters · What happens: float, crack, hold, sleep, eat, keep · To what, where: backs, shells, stones, paws, sea urchins, whole kelp forests

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea otters, otters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 otters	compound
2	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 float	nsubj
3	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 backs	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 backs	nmod:poss
6	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 float	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 crack	punct
8	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 float	conj
9	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 crack	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 stones	case
11	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 crack	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 hold	cc
13	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 float	conj
14	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hold	obj
15	while	while	SCONJ	_	17 sleep	mark
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 sleep	nsubj
17	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 hold	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 keep	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 keep	cc
20	by	by	SCONJ	_	21 eating	mark
21	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 keep	advcl
22	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 urchins	compound
23	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 eating	obj
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 keep	nsubj
25	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 float	conj
26	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 forests	amod
27	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 forests	compound
28	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 keep	obj
29	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 keep	xcomp
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 float	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	float	present	Sea otters		otters's backs		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory
2	crack	present	Sea otters not said here	shells	stones		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme
3	hold	present	Sea otters not said here	paws			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme
4	sleep	present	otters = otter				vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	eat	gerund	otters = otter not said here	sea urchins			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient
6	keep	present	otters = otter	whole kelp forests		alive property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/3/