Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 9
Seals can sleep floating upright with their noses up, hold their breath for many minutes and close their nostrils tightly when they dive.
Who acts: Seals, zoos · What happens: sleep, float, hold, close, dive · To what, where: breath, nostrils
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Seals, zoos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sleep | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 sleep | aux |
| 3 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 sleep | xcomp |
| 5 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 4 floating | advmod |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 noses | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 noses | nmod:poss |
| 8 | noses | nose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 upright | obl |
| 9 | up | up | ADV | _ | 5 upright | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 hold | punct |
| 11 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sleep | conj |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 breath | nmod:poss |
| 13 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hold | obj |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 minutes | case |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 minutes | amod |
| 16 | minutes | minute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 hold | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 close | cc |
| 18 | close | close | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sleep | conj |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 20 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 close | obj |
| 21 | tightly | tightly | ADV | _ | 18 close | advmod |
| 22 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 24 dive | mark |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 dive | nsubj |
| 24 | dive | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 close | advcl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sleep | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | can | Seals | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | float | gerund | Seals not said here | upright property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hold | infinitive | Seals not said here | zoos's breath | minute | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | |||
| 4 | close | infinitive | Seals not said here | zoos's nostrils | tightly property | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nostril=Patient | |||
| 5 | dive | present | zoos = zoo | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/9/