The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 14

Giraffes sleep only a few hours a day in short naps, sometimes lying down with the head curled back on the body, and in the wild they mostly rest standing up because lying down is risky.

Who acts: Giraffes, lying · What happens: sleep, lie down, curl, rest, stand up, be · To what, where: short naps, wild

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffes, lying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 hours	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hours	det
5	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hours	amod
6	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 day	det
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hours	nmod:unmarked
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 naps	case
10	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 naps	amod
11	naps	nap	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 lying	punct
13	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	14 lying	advmod
14	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 sleep	advcl
15	down	down	ADV	_	14 lying	advmod
16	with	with	ADP	_	18 head	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 head	det
18	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lying	obl
19	curled	curl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 lying	conj
20	back	back	ADV	_	19 curled	advmod
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 body	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 body	det
23	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 back	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 rest	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 rest	cc
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 wild	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 wild	det
28	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 rest	obl
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 rest	nsubj
30	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	31 rest	advmod
31	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sleep	conj
32	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	31 rest	xcomp
33	up	up	ADV	_	32 standing	advmod
34	because	because	SCONJ	_	38 risky	mark
35	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	38 risky	csubj
36	down	down	ADV	_	35 lying	advmod
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 risky	cop
38	risky	risky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 rest	advcl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Giraffes	short naps	hour		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in nap=Location
2	lie down	gerund	Giraffes not said here			with the head; down, sometimes property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	curl	participle	Giraffes not said here				vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
4	rest	present	giraffes = giraffe	the wild		mostly property	tree rules
5	stand up	gerund	giraffes = giraffe not said here				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	lie down	gerund				down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	is	present	lying			risky property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/14/