The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 1

A hippo looks lazy and round, but it opens its mouth wide enough to fit a child, walks along the bottom of the pool because it cannot really swim, and guards its water so fiercely that it is one of the most dangerous animals to people in Africa.

Who acts: hippo · What happens: look, open, fit, walk, not swim, guard · To what, where: mouth, child, bottom, water, one

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hippo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hippo	det
2	hippo	hippo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 looks	nsubj
3	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 looks	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 round	cc
6	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lazy	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 opens	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 opens	cc
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 opens	nsubj
10	opens	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 looks	conj
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 mouth	nmod:poss
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 opens	obj
13	wide	wide	ADV	_	14 enough	advmod
14	enough	enough	ADV	_	10 opens	advmod
15	to	to	PART	_	16 fit	mark
16	fit	fit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 opens	advcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 child	det
18	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 fit	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 walks	punct
20	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 opens	conj
21	along	along	ADP	_	23 bottom	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 bottom	det
23	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 walks	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 pool	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 pool	det
26	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 bottom	nmod
27	because	because	SCONJ	_	32 swim	mark
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 swim	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 swim	aux
30	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	32 swim	advmod
31	really	really	ADV	_	32 swim	advmod
32	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 walks	advcl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 guards	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 guards	cc
35	guards	guard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 swim	conj
36	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 water	nmod:poss
37	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 guards	obj
38	so	so	ADV	_	39 fiercely	advmod
39	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	Degree=Pos	35 guards	advmod
40	that	that	SCONJ	_	43 one	mark
41	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 one	nsubj
42	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 one	cop
43	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	39 fiercely	ccomp
44	of	of	ADP	_	48 animals	case
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 animals	det
46	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	47 dangerous	advmod
47	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 animals	amod
48	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 one	nmod
49	to	to	ADP	_	50 people	case
50	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 animals	nmod
51	in	in	ADP	_	52 Africa	case
52	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	48 animals	nmod
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 looks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	look	present	a hippo			lazy property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	open	present	hippo	hippo's mouth		enough property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme
3	fit	to-infinitive	hippo not said here	a child			vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient
4	walk	present	hippo not said here		the bottom of the pool		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
5	not swim	can	hippo				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	guard	present	hippo not said here	hippo's water		fiercely property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Beneficiary
7	is a	present	hippo	one		of the dangerous animals to people in Africa	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/1/