Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus, sentence 4
Koalas rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day because eucalyptus leaves give little energy and contain poisons that take a lot of work to digest; koalas are marsupials, closer to wombats than to bears.
Who acts: Koalas, eucalyptus leaves, poisons · What happens: rest, sleep up, give, contain, take, digest · To what, where: little energy, poisons, lot, marsupials
This is a sentence of the lesson «Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koalas, eucalyptus leaves, poisons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Koalas | koala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | nsubj |
| 2 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sleep | conj |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 sleep | cc |
| 4 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 sleep | compound:prt |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 hours | case |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 20 | advmod |
| 8 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 hours | nummod |
| 9 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sleep | obl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 day | det |
| 11 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hours | nmod:unmarked |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 15 give | mark |
| 13 | eucalyptus | eucalyptus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 leaves | compound |
| 14 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 give | nsubj |
| 15 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sleep | advcl |
| 16 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 energy | amod |
| 17 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 give | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 contain | cc |
| 19 | contain | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 give | conj |
| 20 | poisons | poison | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 contain | obj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 take | nsubj |
| 22 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 poisons | acl:relcl |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 lot | det |
| 24 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 take | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 work | case |
| 26 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lot | nmod |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 digest | mark |
| 28 | digest | digest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 take | advcl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 marsupials | punct |
| 30 | koalas | koala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 marsupials | nsubj |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 marsupials | cop |
| 32 | marsupials | marsupial | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sleep | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 closer | punct |
| 34 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 32 marsupials | amod |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 wombats | case |
| 36 | wombats | wombat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 closer | obl |
| 37 | than | than | ADP | _ | 39 bears | case |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 bears | case |
| 39 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 wombats | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rest | present | Koalas | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | sleep up | present | hour | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | give | present | eucalyptus leaves | little energy | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||||
| 4 | contain | present | eucalyptus leaves not said here | poisons | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot poison=Theme | ||||
| 5 | take | present | poisons | a lot of work | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme | ||||
| 6 | digest | to-infinitive | poisons not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | is a | present | koalas | marsupials | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/4/