The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 9

Reindeer, called caribou in North America, are the only deer in which both males and females grow antlers; females keep theirs in winter to defend food they dig from the snow, while adult males usually drop theirs in early winter.

Who acts: Reindeer, males, females, adult males · What happens: call, be, grow, keep, defend, dig · To what, where: caribou, North America, only deer, antlers, food, snow · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reindeer, males, females, adult males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 deer	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Reindeer	punct
3	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Reindeer	acl
4	caribou	caribou	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 called	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 America	case
6	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 America	compound
7	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 called	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 deer	punct
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 deer	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 deer	det
11	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 deer	amod
12	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 which	case
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 grow	obl
15	both	both	CCONJ	_	16 males	cc:preconj
16	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grow	nsubj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 females	cc
18	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 males	conj
19	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 deer	acl:relcl
20	antlers	antler	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grow	obj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 keep	punct
22	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 keep	nsubj
23	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 grow	conj
24	theirs	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 keep	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 winter	case
26	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 keep	obl
27	to	to	PART	_	28 defend	mark
28	defend	defend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 keep	advcl
29	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 defend	obj
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 dig	nsubj
31	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 food	acl:relcl
32	from	from	ADP	_	34 snow	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 snow	det
34	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 dig	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 drop	punct
36	while	while	SCONJ	_	40 drop	mark
37	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 males	amod
38	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 drop	nsubj
39	usually	usually	ADV	_	40 drop	advmod
40	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 keep	advcl
41	theirs	their	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 drop	obj
42	in	in	ADP	_	44 winter	case
43	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 winter	amod
44	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 drop	obl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 deer	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	participle	Reindeer not said here	caribou	North America			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	Reindeer	the only deer				tree rules
3	grow	present	males and females	antlers	the only deer			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location antler=Theme
4	keep	present	females	antlers = antler		winter		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent their=Theme
5	defend	to-infinitive	females not said here	food				vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Beneficiary
6	dig	present	females = female	food not said here	the snow			vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent food=Result from snow=Material
7	drop	present	adult males	theirs		winter	usually property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent their=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/9/