The Asian forest area: giant pandas, red pandas, tapirs and sun bears, sentence 15

Sun bears are the smallest bears and use very long tongues and long claws to reach honey and insects in logs; sun bears often stand up on their back legs, and in 2023 people claimed a Chinese zoo's sun bear was a person in costume, but it was a real bear.

Who acts: Sun bears, people, sun bear, costume · What happens: be, use, reach, stand up, claim · To what, where: smallest bears, long tongues, honey, logs, back legs, 2023 · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Asian forest area: giant pandas, red pandas, tapirs and sun bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun bears, people, sun bear, costume), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bears	compound
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bears	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bears	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bears	det
5	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 bears	amod
6	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 use	cc
8	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bears	conj
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 long	advmod
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tongues	amod
11	tongues	tongue	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 claws	cc
13	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 claws	amod
14	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 tongues	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 reach	mark
16	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 use	advcl
17	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 reach	obj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 insects	cc
19	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 honey	conj
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 logs	case
21	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 reach	obl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 bears	punct
23	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 bears	compound
24	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 stand	nsubj
25	often	often	ADV	_	26 stand	advmod
26	stand	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 use	conj
27	up	up	ADP	_	26 stand	compound:prt
28	on	on	ADP	_	31 legs	case
29	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 legs	nmod:poss
30	back	back	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 legs	amod
31	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 stand	obl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 claimed	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 claimed	cc
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 2023	case
35	2023	2023	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	37 claimed	obl
36	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 claimed	nsubj
37	claimed	claim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 use	conj
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 zoo	det
39	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 zoo	amod
40	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 bear	nmod:poss
41	's	's	PART	_	40 zoo	case
42	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 bear	compound
43	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 person	nsubj
44	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	46 person	cop
45	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	46 person	det
46	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 claimed	ccomp
47	in	in	ADP	_	48 costume	case
48	costume	costume	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 person	nmod
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 bear	punct
50	but	but	CCONJ	_	55 bear	cc
51	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	55 bear	nsubj
52	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 bear	cop
53	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	55 bear	det
54	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	55 bear	amod
55	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 use	parataxis
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 bears	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Sun bears	the smallest bears			tree rules
2	use	present	Sun bears not said here	long tongues and long claws			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient
3	reach	to-infinitive	Sun bears not said here	honey and insects	logs		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent honey=Theme
4	stand up	present	sun bears		bears's back legs	often property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location
5	claim speech: other	past	people		2023		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	is a	past	a Chinese zoo's sun bear	a person	costume		tree rules
7	is a	past	costume	a real bear			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:107-the-asian-forest-area-pandas-red-pandas-tapirs-sun-bears.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/107-the-asian-forest-area-pandas-red-pandas-tapirs-sun-bears/15/