The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 13

Llamas and alpacas were bred from wild guanacos and vicunas in the Andes thousands of years ago, llamas to carry loads and alpacas for soft wool, and llamas spit when annoyed, mostly at other llamas.

Who acts: llamas · What happens: breed, carry, spit · To what, where: Llamas, wild guanacos, loads

This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (llamas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bred	nsubj:pass
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 alpacas	cc
3	alpacas	alpaca	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Llamas	conj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 bred	aux:pass
5	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 guanacos	case
7	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 guanacos	amod
8	guanacos	guanaco	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bred	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 vicunas	cc
10	vicunas	vicuna	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 guanacos	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 Andes	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Andes	det
13	Andes	ande	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 bred	obl
14	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 ago	obl:unmarked
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 years	case
16	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 thousands	nmod
17	ago	ago	ADV	_	5 bred	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 llamas	punct
19	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bred	parataxis
20	to	to	PART	_	21 carry	mark
21	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 llamas	acl
22	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 carry	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 alpacas	cc
24	alpacas	alpaca	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 loads	conj
25	for	for	ADP	_	27 wool	case
26	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 wool	amod
27	wool	wool	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 carry	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 spit	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 spit	cc
30	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 spit	nsubj
31	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bred	conj
32	when	when	SCONJ	_	33 annoyed	mark
33	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 spit	advcl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 llamas	punct
35	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	38 llamas	advmod
36	at	at	ADP	_	38 llamas	case
37	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 llamas	amod
38	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 spit	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 bred	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	breed	past · passive		Llamas and alpacas	wild guanacos and vicunas	in the Andes; ago property	tree rules
2	carry	to-infinitive		loads and alpacas		for soft wool	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme
3	spit	present	llamas			at other llamas	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/13/